建筑材料的阻燃要求根據(jù)其在不同的使用場所有特定的規(guī)范，例如公共場所，高層建筑等場所相應(yīng)的建材阻燃要求會較高。因此，對建材本身的阻燃性能進行了解和掌握是每個生產(chǎn)商/經(jīng)銷商/消費者都必須具備的技術(shù)信息，它能幫助我們在選購/使用建材時提供有效的指導(dǎo)意見。同時，各國/地區(qū)對于建筑的阻燃測試都配套有強制性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法。
歐盟為了更加嚴格的規(guī)范建筑產(chǎn)品CE認證，自2013年7月1日起，歐盟頒布的建筑產(chǎn)品法規(guī)Construction Product Regulation No.305/2011/EU-CPR(簡稱CPR法規(guī))將全面取代原來的建筑產(chǎn)品CE認證指令(Construction product directive 89/106/EEC-CPD(簡稱CPD指令)，進入強制實施階段。其中防火性能是CE認證里面最關(guān)注的性能指標(biāo)之一，對應(yīng)的測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為EN 13501阻燃分級系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
美國的NFPA 101生命安全規(guī)范，該規(guī)范旨在規(guī)定必要建造、保護和居住使用功能，以最大程度減小火災(zāi)影響對生命造成的危險，包括火災(zāi)中產(chǎn)生的煙，熱，有毒氣體。引用的測試方法包括ASTM E84，ASTM E 136，ASTM E 119等，對不同類型的建筑場所提出了相應(yīng)的阻燃要求。
中國的建材使用主要遵照1984年頒布實施的“中華人民共和國消防條例”。在實際應(yīng)用中，材料的性能要求及應(yīng)用范圍還應(yīng)依據(jù)具體的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，如：建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范(GB 16-87)，高層民用建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范(GB 50045-95)，建筑內(nèi)部裝修設(shè)計防火規(guī)范(GB 50222-95)等。為了評估建材的阻燃性能，中國國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局制定了“建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級”(GB8624-2006)和(GB8624-20012)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對建材的阻燃性能作了明確分類，并詳細表述了建材相應(yīng)的測試方法及技術(shù)參數(shù)是否達到相應(yīng)的阻燃等級。
建材防火測試產(chǎn)品范圍：
地板，墻板，天花，保溫材料，石膏板，人造石，水泥纖維板，壁紙，木塑，硅酸鈣板，隔音材料，玻璃鋼，竹木制品，建筑涂料，門窗，鋁塑板，蜂窩板，建筑玻璃，裝飾織物，彩鋼板，建筑發(fā)泡材料，膠凝材料和膠粘劑等
防火測試項目：
防火評級，可燃性，難燃性，不燃性，燃燒釋放熱量，著火性，氧指數(shù)，毒性指數(shù)，產(chǎn)煙量，燃燒滴落物，煙密度等。
建材阻燃測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
EN 13501-1:2007FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND BUILDING ELEMENTS. CLASSIFICATION USING TEST DATA FROM REACTION TO FIRE TESTS 建材阻燃分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
引用的測試方法：
EN ISO 1182建筑制品燃燒性能試驗—不燃性試驗(類似GB/T 5464)
EN ISO 9239-1鋪地材料燃燒性能測定—輻射熱源法院(類似GB/T 11785)
EN ISO 1716 建筑材料燃燒熱值試驗方法(類似GB/T 14402)
EN ISO 13823建筑材料或制品的單體燃燒試驗(SBI)(類似GB/T 20284)
EN ISO 11925-2 建筑材料可燃性測試,第二部分: 單一火源測試. (類似GB/T 11785)
NF P 92-507:2004 Fire safety-building-Interior fitting materials-classification according to their reaction to fire 建筑內(nèi)飾材料對火反應(yīng)分級
M0~M4對應(yīng)的測試方法包括：
NF P 92-501, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Radiation test applicable to materials that are or have been made rigid (materials with bonded claddings) of any thickness and to flexible materials more than 5 mm thick.
NF P 92-503, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Electric burner test applicable to flexible materials.
NF P 92-504, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Persistence test and test measuring flame propagation speed.
NF P 92-505, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Test applicable to fusible materials: drip test.
NF P 92-506, Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Panel-heater test for floor coverings.
EN ISO 1716 Testing how building products react to fire — Determining combustion heat
GB 8624-2006 建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級/Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB/T 20285-2006 材料產(chǎn)煙毒性危險分級/Toxic classification of fire effluents hazard for materials
BS 476-6:1989+A1:2009 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method of test for fire propagation for products 建筑制品火焰增長測試方法
BS 476-4:1970(AMD 1983) Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials 不燃性測試
BS 476-5:1979 Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 5: method of test for ignitability 點燃性測試
DIN 4102 - Part 1, B1 (1998), Reaction to fire tests - Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame. 建筑材料對火反應(yīng)
ASTM E 84-15 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 建筑材料表面燃燒特性測定
GB 50222-2001 建筑內(nèi)部裝修防火技術(shù)規(guī)范/Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings
GB 9978-1:2008 建筑構(gòu)件耐火試驗(ISO 834-1:1999 MOD)/Fire-resisitance tests - Elements of building construction Part 1: general requirements
BS 476-20/22:1987 Fire tests on building materials and structures Method for determination of the fire resistance 建筑構(gòu)件耐火試驗
ASTM D 2843:1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of plastics 塑料煙密度
ISO 5660-1:2002 Reaction-to-fire tests - Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate - Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) 熱釋放速率－錐形量熱儀
ASTM E 648-2009a Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source1 鋪地材料－輻射熱源法
ASTM D3675-2009 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
ISO 5659-2:2006 Plastics- Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test塑料煙密度
AS 1530.1-1994 Methods for fire tests on building materials components and structures Part 1: Combustibility test for materials
ASTM E119 - 12 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials 建筑構(gòu)件耐火試驗
BS 6307:1982 Method for Determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (Methenamine table)小火源對鋪地織物影響的測定方法(烏洛托品片試驗)
BS 4790:1987 Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (hot metal nut method)小火源對鋪地織物影響的測定方法(熱金屬螺母法)
16 CFR 1630 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs (ASTM D 2859-04)地毯和墊子表面燃燒性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
16 CFR 1631 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of small carpets and rugs小地毯和墊子的表面燃燒性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
SO 6925:1982 Textile floor coverings - Burning behaviour-Tablet test at ambient temperature (Methenamine table)鋪地織物.抗燃性.室溫下的烏洛托品片試驗
GB/T 11049-2008 地毯燃燒性能－室溫片劑試驗方法/Burning behaviour of Carpet - Table test at ambient temperature
GB/T 14768-1993 地毯燃燒性能45度試驗方法及評定/Carpet burning behaviour-Test method at 45 and assessment
SOR 91-264 Hazardous Products (Carpets) Regulations (Method F-04:2004 TEST METHOD FOR EVALUATING TEXTILE FLOOR COVERINGS FOR FLAME RESISTANCE)加拿大危險產(chǎn)品(地毯)法規(guī)(測試方法F-04:2004 紡織品鋪地材料阻燃測試)
CNS14705-A3386-2008 Method of test for heat release rate for building materials - cone calorimeter method 建筑材料燃燒熱釋放率試驗法－圓錐量熱儀法